Tag: John Thorn

Jim Creighton

September 8, 2026
Jim Creighton (public domain)

James Creighton, Jr. was born on April 15, 1841, in lower Manhattan to Irish immigrant parents. When Creighton was just eight years old, his mother passed away. Then, in late 1857, his father moved the family to Brooklyn, and by the time he was sixteen, young James had become recognized for his superior athletic skills in baseball and cricket.

At the age of seventeen, Creighton joined the Niagara of Brooklyn club as a second baseman. In a game on July 19, 1859, the Niagaras were being pummeled by the Star Club of Brooklyn, and Creighton was brought on as a relief pitcher. Under the rules at the time, a pitcher was required to deliver the ball underhanded with his arm locked straight at the elbow and at the wrist. However, Creighton somehow managed to apply a spin to the ball, making it harder for batters to hit it squarely. Players for the Star Club claimed that Creighton was using an illegal snap of the wrist to deliver the pitch. The Star Club would eventually win the game, but following the match, Creighton left the Niagaras and joined the Stars for the rest of the 1859 season.

Before the 1860 season began, Creighton left the Star Club and joined the Brooklyn Excelsiors. It was during his time with the Excelsiors that Creighton became one of baseball’s earliest stars. In addition to his pitching skills, Creighton was reportedly an excellent hitter and fielder. He helped popularize a more competitive style of baseball and is often considered one of the game’s first pitching innovators. The spin that Creighton managed to apply to his pitches would frequently cause the pitch to veer upwards, making Creighton the inadvertent inventor of the breaking ball. Due to his dominance on the mound, opponents naturally accused Creighton of cheating. However, other pitchers eventually started to mimic his technique, and it soon became a standard pitching tactic.

Tragically, Creighton died at only 21 years old, supposedly after suffering a serious injury while playing against the Union of Morrisania club on October 14, 1862. Hitting a home run in the sixth inning of the contest, Creighton allegedly suffered an injury in his abdominal area. After the game, he began to experience severe pain and hemorrhaging in his abdomen. He died in his father’s home on October 18, 1862.

Creighton’s cause of death remains disputed, however. Tom Shieber, senior curator of the National Baseball Hall of Fame, commented, “Dying while hitting a long home run is a great story; it’s just not true.” Shieber researched original news sources and found no references to Creighton hitting a home run in that game, although he did hit four doubles in the contest. Later research suggested that Creighton suffered from a chronic inguinal hernia, and that the overwhelming workload from playing both baseball and cricket contributed to worsening the hernia.

Despite his short career, Jim Creighton had a major influence on the development of early American baseball. Baseball writer John Thorn wrote that Creighton “was baseball’s first hero, and I believe, the most important player not inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.”

Ken Burns’s Baseball: The Ninth Inning

February 4, 2018

9th inning

After a long hiatus, due to having to return the series to the library and wait for others to finish their turns with it before having my chance at checking it out again, I have finally made it back around to watching the Ninth Inning of Baseball: A Film by Ken Burns.  This installment in the series covers the time period from 1970 to 1993, the ending representing present day at the time, as the series was originally released in 1994.

The Ninth Inning opens with a baseball game being played between a pair of Dominican teams.  A couple players from one of the teams give interviews expressing the importance of baseball to the Dominican culture.  “It’s like a religion,” one player says.  “There’s never been a revolution or war during baseball season.”  Historian Manuel Marquez-Sterling compares baseball to the opera, insisting the two are essentially the same kind of thing.

On this disc we learn about Brooks Robinson leading the Orioles to the 1970 World Series championship against Pete Rose and the Cincinnati Reds.  In 1971, the Orioles found themselves on the losing side of the World Series against the Pittsburgh Pirates.  Roberto Clemente of the Pirates made a name for himself during this period.  He was an icon for both the black community and for the Puerto Rican community, and he gave back to society as much as he could.  On New Years Eve of 1971, however, Clemente’s plane crashed in an effort to bring relief supplies to Nicaragua following an earthquake.

Baseball’s reserve clause met its end during this time period.  Curt Flood’s battle in the courts against the clause at the start of the decade came away largely fruitless, though it did serve to bring the issue into the public spotlight.  In 1975, Andy Messersmith and Dave McNally, with the help of Marvin Miller, took on the reserve clause by claiming free agency.  In the end, the reserve clause was abolished and players were now eligible for free agency after six years.  This, as we see through today, resulted in an explosion of baseball salaries.  The collusion of baseball owners in the late-1980s threatened this newfound free agent market, in much the same way owners once had observed the “gentleman’s agreement” to never sign a black player.  This collusion, however, would soon get exposed and would cost the owners a considerable sum.

The treatment of both Roberto Clemente and Curt Flood highlighted the points made by Jackie Robinson shortly before his death.  Certainly, as Buck O’Neil mentions, a lot changed in baseball, and in American society, as a result of Robinson’s role in breaking the color barrier.  Nevertheless, baseball still had a long way to go in terms of racial equality.  Henry Aaron knew all about this reality, playing for the Braves and chasing Babe Ruth’s lifetime home run record.  The hate mail sent to Aaron, some of which gets read in this episode, sends chills down my spine.  In 1974, Hank Aaron did break Ruth’s record, and deservedly so.  The 1987 interview of Al Campanis regarding the reasons behind a lack of blacks in baseball management drove home the existence of the persisting prejudice.

The Oakland A’s of the 1970s drew attention, not only due to their excellent performance, but also due to the appearance of their players.  Players were given bonuses to grow their hair out, and many went on to sport some quite interesting facial hair.  Catfish Hunter’s pitching for Oakland was stellar, almost unfair in the eyes of some hitters, who noticed the strike zone seemed to grow larger whenever Hunter took the mound.

The Cincinnati Reds returned to the World Series in 1975, this time against the Boston Red Sox.  Not only did the Reds have Pete Rose on their roster, but also boasted of names like Johnny Bench, Ken Griffey, and Joe Morgan.  Game 6 of this Series proved one for the history books, featuring Carlton Fisk’s dramatic walk-off home run for Boston in the twelfth inning to tie the Series at three.  Cincinnati would win the Series, however, in Game 7.  As a side note, I particularly enjoyed the various stories told by pitcher Bill Lee on this disc.  The man was certainly a character.  He speaks candidly and hilariously about his own experiences, blunders, and shortcomings, and his wild gesturing made it just as fun to watch him speak as it was to listen.

The 1970s saw the rise of George Steinbrenner as owner of the New York Yankees.  Free agency worked in Steinbrenner’s favor, and he spent freely to build a winning organization.  Though they lost the 1976 World Series, they won it in 1977 and 1978, led by Reggie Jackson.  Steinbrenner became notorious for running through managers like a child runs through fads, bolstering his reputation for trying to buy his way to championships.

The 1979 Series featured Willie Stargell and the Pittsburgh Pirates, and then in 1980, the Philadelphia Phillies defeated the Kansas City Royals, led by Pete Rose, who had signed with them after becoming a free agent.  Rose would return to the Reds later in his career.  Nolan Ryan also took advantage of free agency, dominating from the pitcher’s mound with multiple teams.  After the collusion among the owners was busted up, baseball contracts exploded, and player after player made headlines as the newest highest paid player.

After this point, the documentary ceased to cover every single World Series championship, but rather focused on the ones that would be deemed “most popular” in baseball history.  The 1986 World Series saw a continuation of the Curse of the Bambino.  The Boston Red Sox lost the Series in a stunning fashion to the New York Mets.  After giving up what seemed like a sure victory in Game 6, the Red Sox also lost Game 7.  The 1988 World Series went to the Los Angeles Dodgers, a championship victory that included the unbelievable tale of Kirk Gibson’s home run in Game 1 in spite of his injuries.

In August 1989, Pete Rose was banished from baseball.  Bart Giamatti gave the announcement in a press conference, stating that Rose’s involvement in gambling had hurt the game, and that the game must be held to the highest standards.  In spite of a depressing end to the 1980s, and in spite of all the scandals and other struggles in baseball, John Thorn and Buck O’Neil exalt the continuing survivalist spirit of baseball.  Admittedly, the timing of these statement is a bit ironic, considering that the next World Series after this documentary was released, the 1994 Series, did not get played due to the players’ strike.  In spite of that, baseball did come back, and I’d say the fact that so many baseball blogs, such as this one, exist is a testament to the continuing love and wonder that baseball brings.